Technical cultivation of potatoes nasa organic technology
HOW TO ORGANIC POTATO CULTIVATION WITH NASA PRODUCTS, Fertilizers, Pesticides, Hormones To Increase Potato Harvest.
A. INTRODUCTION
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) is the main source of carbohydrates, so it becomes an important commodity. PT. NATURAL NUSANTARA seeks to increase national potato production nationally in quantity, quality and based on environmental sustainability (Aspect 3K).
B. GROWTH TERMS
1. Climate
Average rainfall 1500 mm / year, radiation time 9-10 hours / day, optimal temperature 18-21 ° C, humidity 80-90% and altitude between 1000-3000 m above sea level.
2. Media Planting
The crumb structure, loose, contains lots of organic matter, well drained and has a deep coating and pH between 5.8-7.0.
C. TECHNICAL GUIDELINES OF CULTIVATION
1. Seedling
Tuber bulbs come from 30-50 gram production bulbs, 150-180 days old, no defects, and superior varieties. Choose medium-sized tubers, have 3-5 buds and only until the fourth generation only. After shoot + 2 cm, ready to plant.
When the seeds buy (try certified seeds), weight between 30-45 grams with 3-5 eyes buds. Planting can be done without / with division. Cutting tubers made into 2-4 pieces according to the existing bud eye. Before planting tubers soaked using NASA POC for 1-3 hours (2-4 cc / lt of water).
2. Processing Media Planting
Land is plowed as deep as 30-40 cm and leave for 2 weeks before bed made with width of 70 cm (1 line of plants) / 140 cm (2 lines of plants), height 30 cm and make drainage as deep as 50 cm and width 50 cm.
Natural Glio which has been bred firstly in manure + 1 week, spread evenly on the bed (dose: 1-2 pack of Natural Glio mixed 50-100 kg manure / 1000 m2).
3. Planting Technique
3.1. Basic Fertilization
Inorganic fertilizers are urea (200 kg / ha), SP 36 (200 kg / ha), and KCl (75 kg / ha).
Sprinkle SUPERNASA / SUPERNASA GRANUL fertilizer that has been mixed enough water evenly on the bed, 3-6kg SUPERNASA / 30 - 60kg SUPERNASA GRANUL 1000 m².
Results will be great if using SUPER NASA by:
A) Alternative 1: A Super Nasa bottle is diluted in 3 liters of water as a mother liquor. Then every 50 liters of water was given 200 cc of the mother liquor to water the beds.
B) Alternative 2: every 1 volcano vol 10 lt is given 1 peres Super Nasa tablespoon to water 10 meters beds.
If using SUPERNASA GRANUL can be directly sowed with ease
3.2. How to Planting
Distance of varieties of plants depending, 80 cm x 40 cm or 70 x 30 cm with the needs of seeds + 1300-1700 kg / ha (weight 30-45 gr tuber). Planting time at the end of the rainy season (April-June).
4. Plant Maintenance
4.1. Stitching
Replanting to replace the plants that do not grow / grow badly done 15 days since growing.
4.2. Weeding
Weeding is done at least twice during the planting period 2-3 days before / simultaneously with the subsequent fertilization and crushing.
4.3. Pruning Flower
In the varieties of flowering potatoes should be pruned to prevent disruption of tuber formation process, because there is a struggle for nutrients.
4.4. Subsequent Fertilization
A. Macro Fertilizer
Urea / ZA: 21 days after planting (hst) 300 kg / ha and 45 hst 150 kg / ha.
SP-36: 21 hst 250 kg / ha.
KCl: 21 hst 150 kg / ha and 45 hst 75 kg / ha.
Macro fertilizer is given a distance of 10 cm from the stem of the plant.
B. POC NASA + HORMONIK: from 1 week to 10 or 11 weeks.
Alternative I: 8-10 times (1 week interval with 4 cap / tank or 1 bottle (500 cc) / 200 lit water drum.
Alternative II: 5-6 times (2 ml intervals with 6 caps / tanks or 1.5 bottles (750 cc) / 200 lit water drums.
C. HORMONIK: spraying POC NASA will be more optimal if mixed HORMONIK (dose 1-2 cap / tank or + 2-3 bottles / 200 liters of water drum).
3.4.5. Irrigation
Watering once every 7 days on a regular basis with gembor, Power Sprayer or by irrigating ditch to humid area (about 15-20 minutes).
D. HAMA AND DISEASES
1. Pests
Caterpillar grayak (Spodoptera litura)
Symptoms: the caterpillar attack leaves until the leaves are gone. Control: (1) prune the leaves that have been stuck with eggs; (2) Natural Vitura spraying and environmental sanitation.
Aphids (Aphis Sp)
Symptoms: aphids suck fluids and infect plants, can also transmit the virus. Control: cut and burn infected leaves, as well as spraying Pestona or BVR.
Orong-orong (Gryllotalpa Sp)
Symptoms: attacking tubers in the garden, roots, young shoots and young plants. As a result the plant becomes susceptible to bacterial infections. Control: Pestona leakage.
Tuber borer pest (Phtorimae poerculella Zael)
Symptoms: dark red leaf and visible braided like a gray thread that is the material of caterpillar wrapping. Tubers are attacked when split, seen holes because some of the bulbs have been eaten. Control: Pestona leakage.
Pest trip (Thrips tabaci)
Symptoms: on the leaves there are white patches, turned into silver gray and dry. The attacks start from the ends of young leaves. Control: (1) pruning the affected part of the leaf; (2) using Pestona or BVR.
2. Illness
Leaf rot disease
Cause: Phytopthora infestans mushroom. Symptoms: small patches appear grayish green and slightly wet until the color turns brown to black with white edges that are sporangium and leaves rot / dead. Control: garden sanitation. Prevention with Natural Glio use on prior or early planting.
Bacterial wilt disease
Cause: Pseudomonas solanacearum bacteria. Symptoms: some young leaves on the tops of wilted plants and old leaves, the lower leaves turn yellow. Control: garden sanitation, crop rotation. Prevention with Natural Glio use on prior or early planting.
Tubby rot disease
Cause: fungus Colleotrichum coccodes. Symptoms: the leaves turn yellow and roll, then wither and dry. Parts of plants that are in the ground there are patches of brown. Infections will cause roots and young tubers to rot. Control: crop rotation, garden sanitation and the use of good seedlings. Prevention with Natural Glio use on prior or early planting
Fusarium disease
Cause: Fusarium sp. Symptoms: rot of tubers that cause wilting plants. The disease also attacks the potatoes in the storage warehouse. Infections enter through wounds caused by nematodes / mechanical factors. Control: avoid wounds during weeding and weeding. Prevention with Natural Glio use on prior or early planting.
Dry spot disease (Early Blight)
Cause: fungi Alternaria solani. Live mushrooms are left sick plants and develop in dry areas. Symptoms: small spilled leaves spread irregularly, dark brown color, extends to young leaves. The surface of the skin of the black-colored bulbs is irregular, dry, wrinkled and hard. Control: crop rotation. Prevention: Natural Glio before / beginning of planting
Virus diseases
The attacking viruses are: (1) Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV) causes the leaves to roll; (2) Potato Virus X (PVX) causes the latent mosaic on the leaves; (3) Potato Virus Y (PVY) causes local mosaic or necrosis; (4) Potato Virus A (PVA) causes soft mosaics; (5) Potato Virus M (PVM) causes the mosaic to roll; (6) Potato Virus S (PVS) causes the mosaic to weaken. Symptoms: due to attack, the plant grows dwarf, straight and pale with small / no yielding tubers at all; Leaves turn yellow and dead tissue. The spread of the virus is done by agricultural equipment, Aphis spiraecola aphid, A. gossypii and Myzus persicae, Epilachna and Coccinella beetles and nematodes. Control: no pesticides to control the virus, prevention and control is done by planting virus-free seeds, cleaning equipment, pruning and burning sick plants, controlling vectors with Pestona or BVR and doing crop rotation.
Note: If pest control using natural pesticides has not overcome the recommended chemical pesticides can be used. In order to spray chemical pesticides more evenly and not easily lost by rain water add AERO 810 Adhesive tape, dose + 5 ml (1/2 cap) / tank.
E. HARVEST
Harvest age in potato plants ranged from 90-180 days, depending on the variety of plants. Physically potato plants can already be harvested if the leaves have a yellowish color that is not caused by disease attacks; The stems of the plants have a yellowish color (slightly dried) and the skin of the bulbs will be very sticky with tuber meat, the skin does not quickly peel when rubbed with a finger.
(http://www.organiknusantara.com/2013/08/teknis-budidaya-kentang-teknologi.html)
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